If there's one thing fitness fanatics and gym gurus alike know, it's that it takes a lot to keep a body in motion, staying in motion. Not only is it worth investing in the proper attire and shoes to help get your best workout in, but the equipment you use to help you warm up and cool down from those gym sessions matter as well.
Whether you need it after a pickleball session or getting your blood pumping before a long run, a massage gun's main purpose is to relax and relieve the muscles. Used by professional athletes, physicians and anyone who regularly exercises, this device is one step above the trusty foam roller sitting near your home gym equipment.
We spoke with experts about how to properly use this device and how to choose one that's most suited for your wellness goals.
What do massage guns do? | How do they compare to foam rollers? | How to effectively use one | Best time for use | How do the attachments differ? | Who shouldn't be using a massage gun? | How to shop for a massage gun | Massage guns to shop | Meet the experts
What do massage guns do?
In short, massage guns use vibrations and pressure applied to muscles to increase blood flow and circulation, while relieving soreness in the process.
Ted Kepros, founder and CEO of Kepros Physical Therapy clinics in southeastern Iowa, utilizes a metaphor that explains the efficacy of massage guns. Imagine we, as humans, are robots. Stiff, non-bendable ligaments guide our every move. Massage guns help to break up that rigidity, helping to promote circulation, fluidity and flexibility.
"Number one, I want to bring blood flow to the tissue," he says. With this change comes the movement of fluids (think blood!).
"I’m changing the electromagnetic properties, a little bit of that tissue and therefore with that blood flow and that combination of pushing fluids through it, it’s going to reduce trigger points," Kepros adds. Furthermore, "it’s going to reduce chemical stasis, going to decrease pain and...improve the fluidity of that muscle, so the muscle’s not guarding, holding or improperly positioned in itself."
How does a massage gun compare to other recovery devices, such as foam rollers?
Where foam rollers rely on man-made pressure applied by an individual, massage guns are electrical devices that vibrate and apply pressure to muscles. This pressure varies by device, but can pack a powerful enough punch that, if not used in the correct spots, can cause bruising.
Kepros advises against using massage guns on "bony prominences" such as the lower spine, the neck area or other areas where it's mostly bone compared to muscle.
"Massage guns, I would say, have more benefits than foam rolling as they also stimulate the nervous system, help with lymphatic drainage and are more effective for pain relief," mentions chiropractor Dr. Jan Lefkowitz.
If there's one thing that foam rollers have over massage guns, it's that they're better when it comes to relieving certain trigger points in a muscle.
Theresa Acosta, head athletic trainer for the New York Liberty, believes that since both achieve different goals, the two should be used together.
"They’re definitely used for different aspects of therapy," Acosta emphasizes.
How can one effectively use massage guns to aid in recovery efforts?
According to Lefkowitz, massage guns help to decrease DOMS, or delayed onset muscle soreness.
"Using massage guns can really help aid with recovery, flush out waste products in the muscles and potentially shorten this time frame, which helps you get to your next workout much more quickly," he says.
Kepros advises to not go zero to 100 with the massage gun, though. Instead, start slow on the muscles you're working to relieve to slowly introduce the muscle tissues to the pressures.
"Start light on a comfortable level...along the length of the muscle," Kepros says. "If you find an area that’s irritated, do a little circular motion around that area...Think of it like doing a counter-clockwise and a clockwise circle around that area."
Kepros also recommends not pushing hard on the muscle to avoid bruising.
Can they only be used after working out?
Massage guns can be used before and after working out, after a long flight or to warm up muscles and limbs.
"You can use your massage guns anytime you feel any increased tension or muscle soreness or restriction in your normal range of motion and it does not need to only be post-workout," says Lefkowitz, but adds that it should only be applied for muscle soreness, not injury-related pain.
What is the difference between the included attachments?
Attachments are included with massage guns to provide different distributions of force, according to Kepros. For example, pointed attachments are going to distribute and apply force differently than flat attachments.
Pointed attachments, when used correctly, assist in targeting small, specific areas. However, when used incorrectly, can lead to bruising and further damaging the tissue surrounding the muscle.
For larger, broader areas, Kepros recommends using flatter attachments. Spherical attachments, especially those with rubber surrounding them and have a little more bounce to them, are more "forgiving."
"That is a good general attachment overall to use because it just is a little softer on tissue and doesn't cause as much direct pounding," Kepros adds.
The majority of massage guns come with a pointed, spherical, flat and U-shaped attachments.
Is there anyone who shouldn't use massage guns?
If you're expecting, have cancer or an open wound, Kepros advises against using a massage gun unless you've talked with a primary care doctor beforehand.
"In general...where it's an open wound, new surgery or you are in a potentially unique group such as pregnancy or cancer, my recommendation is always to consult your physician [and] physical therapist team, because the two of them can collaborate," Kepros summarizes.
"I don't want to be near or around that belly and in addition, just talking to your physician to ensure that it's safe to use...on the low back and towards the buttocks, because typically sciatica is very common in women with pregnancy," Kepros adds.
With those who have experienced a cancer diagnosis, Kepros notes that the main purpose of massage guns is to redirect blood flow, which can be harmful in certain areas (especially during treatment), such as near the breasts or breast tissue in someone who has had breast cancer.
In addition, if you have postoperative plates or metal in your legs, the vibration caused by the massage gun could also cause those to shift around.
According to the American Massage Therapy Association, you should ultimately use a massage gun to "relieve pain in conditions that are not localized to a specific part of the body, such as fibromyalgia." So those with pain in one area of the body should seek other solutions.
How to find the right massage gun for you, according to experts
Acosta suggests testing massage guns in-person before making a decision. According to UCLA Health, the four main aspects you should consider when it comes to shopping for a massage gun are speed, weight, noise and battery life.
"You've got to find the right style," Acosta says. "There's a lot of different massage guns out there with a lot of different settings and a lot of different modular heads [that] work in different areas."
Physicist Dr. Naimish Baxi also notes that if you're targeting a certain muscle or surface, you might want to pay attention to the speed settings while shopping.
"Typically, the more superficial structures [areas around the elbow or knee] can be more sensitive to higher force and speed. Deeper, larger structures like the periscapular muscles [the area around the shoulder blade] can tolerate faster speeds and larger forces."
Best massage guns to shop
Homedics Portable Vibration Massager
The handle on this portable massager makes it easy to hold while gliding across the muscles as the experts recommend. It includes three attachments and runs on batteries, meaning there's no need to fuss with packing a charger along.
While this isn't a full-fledged muscle massage gun, Homedics has a more thorough line of them on their website.
Elefor Deep Tissue Massage Gun
Get the most bang for as little buck with this massage gun that includes 10 attachments, a carrying case and a digital touchscreen that allows you to control the speed with ease. 20 levels, ranging from warm up to professional mode, span between 1,200 to 3,200 percussions per minute.
One thing to note, however, is how "awkward" it is to hold, according to reviewers. While the variety heads make it easy to determine which muscle groups and body parts to use, it's rated as "heavy" due to the uneven distribution of weight.
Flyby Deep Tissue Massage Gun
Weighing in at a little bit under two pounds, this massage gun can be easily implemented into your warmup or cool down routines at the gym, in the locker room or on the track. It includes six interchangeable heads, lasts for over four hours on a single charge and has three speeds to switch between.
Addaday Lyric Massager
WIth up to four hours of life on one charge, this massage gun definitely takes the cake in terms of longevity, which is a perk when taking it on-the-go. It's also lightweight, packs easily and includes four different heads to target sore muscles.
Kigassenzio Hot and Cold Massage Therapy Gun
If you love cryotherapy or a good ice bath after a rigorous workout, then this is the massage gun for you. It includes the option to incorporate both hot and cold temperatures to aid in your recovery session, as well as seven attachments and three varying speeds.
JAWKU Mini Muscle Blaster
Weighing in at less than one pound, this mini massage gun is smaller than your smartphone, meaning it packs and travels easily. Four different attachments and three speed settings help to apply 40 pounds of pressure to muscles, leaving reviewers "impressed" with the power this mini therapy gun holds.
Therabody Theragun Mini
Not only is this Theragun listed as one of Oprah's Favorite Things, but it's portable and more affordable than the regular-sized massage guns the brand offers. Just because it weighs less doesn't mean it packs a smaller punch, as it still comes with three speeds that span the 1,750 to 2,400 percussions per minute range.
The mini also comes with three attachments, depending on how you want to soften and relax certain muscles.
Hyperice Hypervolt 2
With five attachments, three hours of life off of one charge and three speeds, it's easy to see why this Hyperice massage gun is Shop TODAY senior social media editor Kate McCarthy's go-to. McCarthy (who ran the New York Marathon in 2022!) hypes this one up because "it's the perfect tool to relax tight muscles, and I can give myself a massage from the comfort of my couch."
Therabody Theragun Prime
This Therabody option has brand name recognition, and it isn't just because it's gained popularity as one of the most well-liked options by reviewers, athletes and doctors. The ergonomic handle makes it easy to maneuver across muscles, while four different attachments ensure that you're targeting these areas with proper textures. With 120 minutes of life off of one charge, not only is this device long-lasting, but you can easily see how much life is left thanks to the app.
Between 1,750 to 2,400 percussions per minute, altering the speed allows you to target sore muscles fresh from a run or warm them up to tackle your next fitness challenge.
Meet the experts
- Theresa Acosta, MS, ATC, LAT-R, is the head athletic trainer for the New York Liberty. Beyond working for the WNBA team, Acosta has also served as an athletic trainer for USA Basketball, and the Olympic and Paralympic Committees. She earned a masters in kinesiology from the University of North Texas and holds certifications from the National Athletic Trainers Association.
- Naimish Baxi, MD, specializes in sports and musculoskeletal medicine, spine care and pain management at the Hospital for Special Surgery locations in New Jersey and New York. Baxi earned a medical degree from New Jersey Medical School, and completed residency in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Mount Sinai in New York.
- Ted Kepros, PT, MPT, MTC, ASTYM certified, is the founder and CEO of Kepros Physical Therapy, which currently has three clinics in the state of Iowa. Kepros received a masters in physical therapy, and holds certifications in manual therapy and sports metrics.
- Jan Lefkowitz, D.C., is the founder of Body in Balance Chiropractic, that has offices in both New York City and Westchester, New York. Lefkowitz earned a doctor of chiropractic degree from New York Chiropractic college and is an active member of multiple chiropractic associations, including the American Chiropractic Association and Internal Chiropractic Pediatric Association, among others.
