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Title: Historical materials tell the truth: Tibet is part of China View count: 1697 Rating: 3.55 (11 ratings) Description: ==Tang Dynasty & Song Dynasty(618-1279) By the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the Tibetans and Hans had, through marriage between royal families and meetings leading to alliances, cemented political and kinship ties of unity and friendship and formed close economic and cultural relations, laying a solid foundation for the ultimate founding of a unified nation. In Lhasa the statue of the Tang Princess Wen Cheng, who married the Tubo tsampo, king of Tibet, in 641, is still enshrined and worshiped in the Potala Palace. The Tang-Tubo Alliance Monument marking the meeting for this purpose between Tang and Tubo erected in 823 still stands in the square in front of the Jokhang Monastery. The monument inscription reads in part, "The two sovereigns, uncle and nephew, having come to agreement that their territories be united as one, have signed this alliance of great peace to last for eternity! May God and humanity bear witness thereto so that it may be praised from generation to generation." ==Yuan Dynasty(1271-1368)== In the early 13th century, Genghis Khan established the Mongol Khanate in north China. The Mongol regime changed its title to Yuan in 1271 and unified the whole of China in 1279, establishing a central government, achieved great unification of various regions and races. Tibet became an administrative region directly under the central government. The Yuan emperor established the Xuanzheng Yuan or Ministry for the Spread of Governance to directly handle important affairs of the Tibet region. In Tibetan, local military and administrative organs were set up, which was under the Xuanzheng Yuan. It also had troops stationed in Tibet. The central government set up post stations which were linked up in a communication line extending from Tibet up to Dadu (Beijing), and also conducted censuses in Tibet, in 1268, 1287 and 1334. ==Ming Dynasty(1368-1644)== In 1368 the Ming Dynasty replaced the Yuan Dynasty, and inherited the right to rule Tibet. The emperor conferred honorific titles on religious leaders of Tibet such as the "prince of Dharma". The Dalai Lama and the Bainqen Lama are the two leading incarnation hierarchies of the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. The Gelug Sect rose during the Ming Dynasty, and the 3rd Dalai Lama was the abbot of one of the sect's monasteries. The central government of the Ming Dynasty showed him special favor by allowing him to pay tribute. In 1587 he was granted the title of Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama. ==Qing Dynasty(1644-1911)== When the Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty in 1644, it further strengthened administration over Tibet. In 1653 and 1713, the Qing emperors granted honorific titles to the 5th Dalai Lama and the 5th Bainqen Lama, henceforth officially establishing the titles of the Dalai Lama and the Bainqen Erdeni and their political and religious status in Tibet. In 1719, Qing government troops were sent into Tibet to dispel the Zungar forces, and set out to reform Tibet's administrative system. The emperor made a young Living Buddha of the Xikang area the 7th Dalai Lama and had him escorted into Tibet, and appointed four Tibetan officials to handle Tibet's political affairs. From 1727, high commissioners were stationed in Tibet to supervise local administration on behalf of the central authorities. In order to perfect Tibet's administrative organizations, the Qing Dynasty on many occasions enacted "regulations" to rectify and reform old systems and establish new ones. The Authorized Regulations for the Better Governing of Tibet, promulgated in 1793, casted to a Golden Book, had 29 articles. Tags: announcement, buddhism, china, church, cultural, dalai, democracy, environment, experience, free, freedom, genocide, humman, independence, iraq, islam, lama, leader, leadership, lhasa, muslim, news, politics, protest, religion, rights, riot, suppress, suppression, tibet, Author: gbmkhm01 |
